Artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming how societies produce, govern, and communicate. From Dubai to Rabat, Arab capitals are competing with initiatives to position themselves as technology hubs. However, behind national strategies and massive investments, the ethical question remains largely open.
The European Example
The European Union recently took a historic step by adopting the 'AI Act', a law that categorizes AI uses according to their risk levels and imposes transparency obligations on companies. This framework is now seen as a model of reference, even south of the Mediterranean. Several Arab countries are closely observing this approach, aware that the lack of regulation could open the door to abuses in surveillance, misinformation, or algorithmic manipulation.
Fragmented Approaches
In the Arab world, public policies related to AI are heterogeneous. The United Arab Emirates appointed a Minister of Artificial Intelligence as early as 2017, focusing their strategy on performance and digital governance. Saudi Arabia has launched an ambitious development plan centered on data and smart cities. Morocco, for its part, is advancing more gradually: a national digital trust framework and a reflection on data sovereignty are underway, but specific texts on AI remain nascent.
A Matter of Sovereignty and Society
The regulation of artificial intelligence goes beyond mere technological dimensions. It raises fundamental questions about digital sovereignty, the protection of personal data, and fundamental rights. For many researchers, the Arab world must avoid the trap of technological dependence on foreign giants and develop its own ethical standards adapted to its cultural and social realities.
Towards Regional Cooperation?
The Arab League has started discussions on a common strategy for AI, but coordination remains limited. However, in the face of shared challenges—employment, education, cybersecurity—a concerted approach could enhance the region's resilience and competitiveness.
Amid economic opportunities and societal risks, the Arab world finds itself at a historic crossroads: choosing between succumbing to others' rules or building its own ethical regulatory model.